English Literature

CULTURE   Culture, in anthropology, the patterns of behavior and thinking that people living in social groups learn, create, and share. Culture distinguishes one human group from others. It also distinguishes humans from other animals. A people's culture includes their beliefs, rules of behavior, language, rituals, art, technology, styles of dress, ways of producing and cooking food, religion, and political and economic systems.   Culture is the most important concept in anthropology (the study of all aspects of human life, past and present). Anthropologists commonly use the term culture to refer to a society or group in which many or all people live and think in the same ways. Likewise, any group of people who share a common culture�and in particular, common rules of behavior and a basic form of social organization�constitutes a society. Thus, the terms culture and society are somewhat interchangeable. However, while many animals live in socie...

Love � relationship of Heathcliff and Cathetine   In Wuthering Heights Emily Bronte has Presented the love-relationship of Heathcliff and Catherine, but not that of the other lovers as an archetype. It expresses the passionate longing to be whole, to give oneself unreservedly to another and gain a whole self or sense of identity back, to be all-in-all for each other, so that nothing else in the world matters, and to be loved in this way forever.   Soulmates:   Their love exists on a higher or spiritual plane; they are soul mates, two people who have an affinity for each other which draws them together irresistibly. Heathcliff repeatedly calls Catherine his soul. Such a love is not necessarily fortunate or happy. For C. Day Lewis, Heathcliff and Catherine "represent the essential isolation of the soul, the agony of two souls�or rather, shall we say? Two halves of a single soul�forever sundered and struggling to unite." ...

NOTES ON ROBINSON CRUSOE DANIEL DEFOE ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Daniel Defoe (1659-1731) serves as a link between the great essayists of the earlier years and the great novelists of the later years of the 18 th century. He is said to be one of most voluminous writers of the English language. Born at St. Giles, London and educated at Newington , he was a government secret agent and worked for both Whigs and Tories. He had a versatile personality being a speculator, a traveler, a bankrupt and a journalist. In stead of becoming a minister he took to trade. He participated in Monmouth�s rebellion after being a failure in trade. During the closing years of the 17 th century he went on a visit to the Continent. His failure in business attracted him towards pamphlet journalism and fiction writing. The fame of Defoe as a novelist depends on his novels like Robinson Crusoe (1719), Captain S...